Diagnosis of pregnancy(symptoms of first trimester in pregnancy/)
- SECOND TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY SYMPTOMS
Signs and symptoms in second trimester of pregnancy
13 to 28 weeks of gestation is called second trimester
There are various symptoms and signs symptoms of first trimester in pregnancy/) during second semester of pregnancy.
Symptoms are in second trimester of pregnancy in a woman ( symptoms means which woman can feel )
1-AmenorrhoeaÂ
Women will experience amenorrhoea from first trimester of pregnancy but it will continue also in second trimester of pregnancy and will continue till end of the delivery.
2-MORNING SICKNESSÂ
Some pregnant woman may experience morning sickness means feeling Nausia and vomiting in morning. These
symptoms reduce in second trimester but some of women is there who experienced these symptoms in second trimester also due to ongoing hormonal changes.
3-Quickening(Quickning means first perception of the fetal movement by the mother is called quicking)
In primigravida ( means in first pregnancy) Mother can fill movement of the fetus around 18 to 20 weeks of gestation.
In Multigravida ( a woman who has been pregnant more than Once ) feels quickning around 16 to 18 weeks of gestation.)
Signs are seen in second trimester of pregnancy.( Doctor can find it after examination )
Breast signsÂ
Breast size will be increase due to growth of glandular tissue and fat deposits in the breast .
Areola of the breast become darker , prominent veins, Enlargement of montogomerys tubercle, and colostrum secreation may begin .
Many Changes occur in skin of the pregnent woman .
1- Cloasma – It is the 34 hyperpigmentation of the skin Specialy on the face during pregnancy due hormonal changes.
2-Linea nigra-
You can see a pigmented line between symphysis pubis to umbilicus . means a pigmented lines extending from symphysis pubis to umbilicus is called Linea nigra .
3-Striae gravidarum
In simple you can remember when devlopment of fetus occur in uterus, uterus enlarged and it extends into abdominal cavity , and this cause abdomen stretches .
This stretch Mark is called Strai gravidarum .
UTERINE SIGN
1-Braxton Hicks contraction
Painless irregular uterine contraction during pregnancy is called Braxton Hicks contraction.
SIGNS OF THE FOETUSÂ
1-Internal ballottement
It occurs around 16 to 20 weeks of pregnancy,this is probable sign of pregnancy. Here examiner insert two fingers into vagina and pushed cervix upward .
Due to this fetus also pushed upward and rebound and felt by the examiners is called internal ballottement.
2-External ballottement
Means if a examiner will keep her hand on the abdomen of pregnent woman and push the fetus will go away and again return and touch with external examiner hands .This coming back is called external ballottem
3-Palpation of foetal parts and movement
In second trimester of pregnancy you can palpate fetal part and movement also .
4-Foetal heart sound
In second trimester of pregnancy Nurse or Doctor can check fetal heart sound to detect any abnormality of fetus health status .
In pregnancy in second trimester we can not see the fetus because fetus is in the wombs of the mother but we can find out if fetus suffering any abnormality in the mother’s womb by Auscultation of fetal heart .the normal fetal heart rare is 120 to 160 beats per minute .if below 120 drops or above 160 drops per minute then may be therevis any problem to fetus immediately inform to doctor.
INVESTIGATIONS
1-Pregnancy test
Rapid urine pregnancy test -By this method examiner or mother can find out result rapidly by detecting hCG hormone in the urine.
In this procedure
Collect urine sample from mother,put 2 to 3 drops of urine in test card
. after putting urine drops in card wait for a minutes then result will come out .
If two lines appear C+T , then result positive .
If only one line appear on the card which is C ( control line ) then it is nagative .
2-Ultrasonography
Ultrasound is necessary in second trimester to find out presentation of the fetus ,to find out placenta privia , to find out normal or abnormal amniotic fluid amount ,to confirm gestational age , to detect congitital anomalis
