Phases of menstrual 6

MENSTRUATION

Nursing notes, BSC nursing,GNM ,ANM ,MSC
  • The first period of females is called menarche.
  • The first menstruation in girls is called menarche.
  • The normal age of menarche is between the ages of 8 and 16 of the female.
  • The average age of menarche in females is 12 years.
  • The diet and hereditary factors affect the age of menarche.
  •  This menstruation comes in a cycle, which means every 28 days one Menstruation will come in girls which is normal.
  • Why does menstruation occur in girls 
  • Why are girls experiencing menstrual period every month ❔ what is the cause ❔
  • Now I will make understand to you about this interesting topic 
  • See in female External genital organs and Internal genital organs are present.
  • External genital organs like the vulva 
  • Internal genital organs like ,uterus, Fallopian tubes, Ovary, and Vagina.
  • Some changes occur in the endometrium of the uterus (Internal genital organs) so that menstruation takes place every month in mature girls )
  • The menstruation
    Image of  uterus

    You can see here the endometrium of the uterus where changes take place.

     

  • PHASES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE 

  • There are four phases of the menstrual cycle 
  • 1-, Menstrual phase ( 1 to 5 days)
  • 2-Follicular phase or proliferative phase
  • 3- Ovulatory phase 
  • 4-Secretory phase or Luteal phase 
  •  

  • 1–MENSTRUAL PHASE (1 to 5 days)

  • It is the first phase of the menstrual cycle.
  • Lasts for about 5 days 
  • If fertilization does not occur pregnancy is not conceived then then progesterone and oestrogen hormone levels fall.
  • Due to these falling hormone levels, the thick endometrium of the uterus breaks down and blood, mucus, and endometrial tissue are shed through the vagina, which is called Menstruation.
  • Hormone -Follicle stimulating hermone low 
  • Luitinizing hormone low 
  • Oestrogen hormone low 
  • Progesterone hormone low 

  • 2-Follicular phase or proliferative phase ( 6 to 13 days )

  • According to the name of this phase, the development of ovarian follicles occurs in the ovary due to follicle-stimulating hormone. So it is called the follicular phase.
  • At the same time estrogen hormone increases, and due to increased estrogen hormone, the thickness of the endometrium of the uterus increases to receive a possible pregnancy. Proliferation of the endometrium occurs, so it is called the proliferative phase

  • 3-Ovulation phase -(14 days ) 

  • In 14 days of regular menstrual cycle ovulation occur means secondary oocyte release from graafian follicle is called is called ovulation.
  • Due to an increase in estrogen levels, Luteinizing hormone also increases ( and due to the LH surge ovulation occurs)
  • In this stage –
  • LH (Luteinizing hormone high) in this stage 
  • Estrogen is also high in this stage 

4-Secretory phase ( 15 to 28 days )

  • The secretory phase comes after ovulation 
  • after the release of the secondary oocyte from the Graafian follicle. The remaining parts of the Graafian follicle develop into the corpus luteum.
  • And this Corpus luteum secretes the progesterone hormone 
  • This progesterone hormone makes the endometrium of the uterus spongy and thick.
  • The glands of the endometrium start secreting nutrients for the early embryo.
  • In this stage, the progesterone level is high
  • Estrogen -moderate 
  • FSH -Low
  • LH -Low 
  • After the secretory phase if fertilization does not occur Corpus luteum breaks down, which causes progesterone and estrogen levels to fall.
  • And due to the fall, the progesterone level in the Menstruation phase again starts. ( Due to the fall of progesterone and estrogen levels, endometrium thickness breaks down and comes out from the vagina called Menstruation)