Chronic Bronchitis in COPD: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Guide
What is chronic Bronchitis❔(COPD)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- There are four types chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- 1-Emphysema
- 2-Bronchiectasis
- 3-Chronic bronchitis
- 4-Bronchial asthma
What is chronic Bronchitis❔
It is a disease characterized by chronic continuous cough with sputum production for atleast 3 month every year for a minimum of two consecutive years .
RISK FACTORS
1-Pollution
Long term exposure to dust ,smoke and industrial pollutants can cause chronic Bronchitis.
2-Older age
Immunity decreases in old age and due to weak immune system older age are more prone to recurrent infection and due to recurrent infection airway will be damage.
3-Smoking
Due to smoking -wall of the bronchioles injured and increase mucus production and this mucus accumulate in lumen of Trachea cause chronic inflammation (Due to inflammation swelling occur in trachia ) cause blocking of the airway.
4- Recurrent Respiratory infection –
Recurrent Respiratory infection in child and old age cause chronic bronchitis.
5-CLOSE AND FREQUENT EXPOSURE TO STRONG CHEMICAL
Continue breathing of strong chemical can cause chronic bronchitis.
Clinical Features of chronic Bronchitis
1-Chronic cough
2-Sputum production
3-Dyspnea
4-Fatigue
5- Cyanosis
6-Frequent Respiratory infection
7- Cor pulmonary ( Right sided heart failure
PATHOGENESIS
Due to any cause ,may be due to polution ,dust , chemical , Airway irritation occur
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Hypertrophy of submucosal bronchial glands
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Increase mucus secretion
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Accumulation of. Mucous in lumen of airway
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Inflammation of airway due to obstruction by mucus.
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Obstruction of airway
COMPLICATION
1-Frequent bacterial infection
2-Cor pulmonary ( Right side heart failure)
CHANGES SEEN IN NAKED EYE
Thick bronchial wall due to infection
Red and edematous mucosa due to infection
Excess mucus in bronchi
Some times pus due to infection
HISTOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY
1-Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucus gland.
2-Increased Reid index
3-Increased goblet cells
4-Due to chronic inflammation there may be neutrophil, macrophages,Lymphocytes
5-Loss of cilia -Impaired mucociliary clearance
6-Narrowed airway lumen
PREVENTION OF CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
1- Cessation of smoking
2- Early Diagnosis and Early treatment
3-Avoid, dust ,dirt and industrial pollutants.
4-Maintain hygiene
5-vaccination to prevent Respiratory infection.
TREATMENT
1-Bronchodilator to open airway.
Example -Salbutamol
2- Corticosteroids -This medicine reduce airway inflammation.
3-Antibiotic -necessary for bacterial infection.
4- Mucolytics and expectorant in
This medicine help to you thin mucous
