DIAGNOSIS OF PREGNANCY

( probable signs and Presumptive signs in first trimester of pregnancy )

Diagnosis of pregnancy from OBG for GNM 3rd year ,BSc 6th sem and MSC nursing can also read .

We will discuss here sign of first trimester of

Pregnancy is a physiological state in which after fertilization of  ovum form zygotes ,and in zygotes various changes occur and  form blastocyst, in endometrium of uterus this blastocyst implanted and development of embryo takes. place.

How to find out or diagnose that a woman has conceive pregnancy?

There are various signs and symptoms in first trimester, second trimester and third trimester of pregnancy. 

In this post we will discuss the sign and symptoms of mother in first trimester of pregnancy.

The total duration of pregnancy ( 38 to 40 weeks)

And this total duration  of pregnancy is divided into three trimesters

1- First trimester ( first 12 weeks)

2- Second trimester (13 to 28 ) weeks

3- Third trimester (29 to 40 ) weeks of

In first trimester in pregnancy which is first 12  pregnancy.

There are many subjective symptoms which a pregnant woman can feel .( Presumptive signs)

These symptoms are necessary to DIAGNOSE  PREGNANCY

These are below I discussed 

1-Amenorrhoea

It means woman who will  conceive pregnancy her menstrual period will  stop . Absence of menstruation during pregnancy period is called Amenorrhea.

2- Morning sickness

In pregnancy and in first trimester mother will fill nausea with or without vomiting.it is called morning sickness because many women feel nausea and vomiting in morning after waking up .but it can occurs any time of the day.

3-Frequency of micturition

Normal uterus is anteverted position means , uterus bends forward towards bladder . ( Bladder is present infront of the uterus and rectum is present behind the uterus.

During first trimester  of pregnancy,development of embryo occur in uterus and  due to development of embryo uterus also increase in weight and length and this enlarged uterus presses on the  bladder mother fill urination again and again.this is called frequency of micturition.

4-Breast discomfort

Mother or pregnant woman in first trimester of pregnancy fill fullness of breast and slight pin like filling in the breast .

5- Fatigue

Pregnant woman  feels fatigue.

OBJECTIVE SIGNS OF PREGNANCY IN FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY.(Probable sign

In pregnancy which Examiner can detect that is objective signs.

1-Breast changes

• Enlargement of the breast with vascular enforcement
• Areola of the breast becomes pigmented with appearance of montogomerys tubercles.
• Colostrum can be secrete from the nipple.

2- changes in pelvic 

JACQUEMIERS SIGN  

Jacquemiers sign is the bluish and purple colour of the vaginal mucosa in 6 to 8 weeks ( first trimester) due to increased blood circulation to vagina .

CHADWICK S SIGN -In early pregnancy or in 6 to 8 weeks (First trimester) of  pregnancy increased blood supply or vascularity in cervix ,vagina , and in vulva . called Chadwick sign.

3- Per abdomen – If you check per abdomen then fundus of the uterus will be feal at superior border of the symphysis pubis till 12 weeks of gestation. Before 12 weeks. You can not palpate because it is inside the pelvic cavity .

4 -Cervical sign

There is softening of the cervix around 6th weeks( first trimester )of pregnancy which is called Goodell’s sign .

5 – Vaginal sign(Osianders sign )

In early pregnancy blood circulation increases to uterus and  vagina . Due to increased blood circulation when you will do vaginal examination then you can feel pulsation in the lateral fornices of the vagina is called osianders sign .it occurs around 8th weeks of gestation.( First trimester of pregnancy)

6- Uterine sign( Piskaceks sign )

In around 7 to 8 weeks ( first trimester )of gestation of pregnancy the uterus  feels irregular and one sided enlarged because the embryo implants on one side .this is called piskaceks sign .this sign can be detected by bimanual pelvic examination.

7- Hegars sign

It occurs around  6 to 8 weeks (  first trimester)of pregnancy.the lower segment of the uterus which is isthmus and cervix becomes soft .

8- Palmer’s sign –

In 4 to 6 weeks( first trimester )of gestation of pregnancy when you do bimanual examination you can feel regular and rhythmic contraction in early pregnancy which called Palmer’s sign because palmer described this in 1947.

In next post I will explain the signs of second trimester of pregnancy 

INVESTIGATIONS

1-Urine test for pregnancy

Now a days rapid urine test kit used to diagnose pregnancy.

2-Serum pregnancy tests

It is a blood  test to detect human chorionic gonadotrophin in syrum to detect pregnancy.

3-Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent Assay(ELISA)

It is a method to detect human chorionic gonadotrophin in urine and blood by Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent Assay.

4-Ultrasonography

Scan to confirm the pregnancy

---