1. Severe generalized edema is called :

a  Myxedema      

b pitting edema

C  Anasarca            

d dependent edema 

Explanation -ana- Means throughout everywhere, sarka -means Flesh,

anasarka   means swelling of the whole body. 

Ans = c  Anasarca 

 

2. Which of the following is not a plasma-derived chemical mediators?

a – Cytokines     

d Coagulation proteins

Explanation –complement components, kinins, and Coagulation proteins are plasma-derived chemical mediators

these factors are already present in plasma in inactive form and get activated when tissue injury or infection occurs.

Cytokines are not plasma-derived chemical mediators. It is cell-derived mediators produced mainly by activated immune cells such as macrophages , Lymphocytes and endothelial cells, 

ANS-a-Cytokines

 

 

3- Cytokines are secreted by 

3. C ytokines are secreted by :

a Neutrophils

b – Lymphocytes

C-Endothelial cells

d All of the above

Explanation –

Neutrophils- It is a type of white blood cell.

Lymphocytes-It is also type of white blood cell

Endothelial cells-Lining cells of blood vessels.

All these cells can secrete cytokines so the correct answer is All of the above.

ANS-d- All of the above

 

4. Which of the following increases vascular permeability during acute inflammation?

a histamine

b cytokines

c AFP 

d both A and B

Explanation –

Histamine and cytokines are both responsible for increase vascular permeability during acute inflammation.

ANS-d -both A and B 

5-Mechanism behind the characteristic feature of acute inflammation is :

a- redness and pain 

b pancytopenia 

C vasodilatation and increased vascular permeability

d spongy bone marrow 

• EXPLANATION -Acute inflammation occurs when the body reacts to injury or infection. And this time two things occur 1- -Vasodilatation,2-Increase vascular permeability.
• 1-Vasodilatation -More blood flows to the injured site and causes redness.
• 2-Increased vascular permeability -Fluids and proteins leak out from blood vessels into the tissue which causes swelling.

Ans – c-Vasodilatation and increased vascular permeability.

6. The classical substances that increase the sensitivity of pain receptors by enhancing the pain-provoking effect of bradykinin is

a  Nociceptor

b Endorphins

c prostaglandins

d Encephalin

Explanation -Prostaglandin doesn’t directly cause pain; it stimulates the pain nerve.

Ans (c) prostaglandin

7. Which of the following is a substance that decreases pain transmission and causes an inflammatory response?

a Substance p

b Endorphin

C prostaglandin

d histamine

EXPLANATION –

A Substance p- Increases pain

b Endorphin blocks pain signal

C prostaglandin – Increases pain and inflammation 

d histamine- Causes swelling, Redness, and itching 

Ans (b) Endorphin

• 8. All of the following are evidence of an infection except

a  -Elevated WBC

b -purulent drainage

c- primary  intention

d -increase leukocytes

Elevated WBC- Sign of infection 

purulent drainage – sign of infection 

Primary intention – Primary intention means wound healing, no pus

increase leukocytes- sign of infection 

Ans (c) primary intention

9. Hemorrhage with the collection of blood in the soft tissue is called

a Contusion

b Purpura

C Ecchymoses

d Hematoma

Ans (d) hematoma

10. Thick  Yellow drainage from the wound is known as:

a Sanguineous

b serous – Sanguineous

C serous

d purulent

Explanation -Thick yellow drainage from the wound is purulent.

Ans (d) purulent 

 

Category: SOCIOLOGY

 

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