WOUND HEALING PROCESS
Introduction
The entire external surface of the body cover by the skin .
The skin is composed of three layers
1- Epidermis(
2- Dermis
3- Hypodermis
The skin is first line of defense against pathogen , UV rays , chemicals, and mechanical trauma .
The skin also controles temperature (The skin regulates body temperature through sweating and heat retention and controls water loss by acting as a barrie)
skin wound happens when the top layer of the skin (epidermis) is damaged or broken.
Definition of wounds
Wound refer as damage to the integrity of biological tissue such as skin and mucous membranes
TYPES OF WOUND
1- Closed wound
Definition:
A closed wound is an injury where the skin remains intact, but there is damage to the tissue, blood vessels, or muscles under the skin.
No external bleeding is seen, but internal injury may occur.
2- Open wound
Open wounds occur when the skin splits or cracks, exposing underlying tissues to the external environment.
Wound status divided into four
Wounds are divided into 4 classes based on how clean they are and how much contamination or infection risk they have.
Class 1 injury –
- Class 1 injury is a pure, uncontaminated wound with no inflammation, mainly closed, and does not penetrate alimentary, genitals, respiratory, or urinary tracts.
- Class 2 injury is a clean, uncontaminated wound that enters the alimentary, genital, respiratory, or urinary tracts under controlled circumstances.
- Class 3 injury is a contaminated wound caused by gastrointestinal leakage or break in sterile procedure, increasing infection risk
- Class 4 injury is a dirty, infected wound from accidents or trauma that was not properly treated, often showing dead tissue.
- WOUND HEALING
- Wound healing is the process by which the body repairs and restores damaged skin or tissues after injury.
- TYPES OF WOUND HEALING
- Wound healing is classified as primary , secondary,and tertiary
- PRIMARY HEALING
Primary healing is the healing of a well non_infected wound such as surgical wound
SECONDARY HEALING
Secondary healing happens when wound cannot heal normally and where primary healing fails .This occurs when the infection is present in wound . - and due to infection
- due to low oxygen level (hypoxia)
- due to weak immune system
- wound edges not closed it is opened (dehiscence)
- IN SECONDARY HEALING THE WOUND IS
- Open
- Large
- Edges are not closed together
- so the body cannot close it directly .the body forms granulation tissue because it needs to repair and rebuild the wound .
- TERTIARY HEALING
- In tertiary wound healing where the wound is left open for some time due to infection ,there may be dirt or contamination so the doctor first leave it open to drain pus or fluid or to reduce infection ,then wound is cleaned regularly ,infection is controlled then doctor closes this wound using sutures